Orphanage Management

Orphanages 1. Daar-Ul-Tanzeem, Children Home 2. Anjuman Taleem-Ul-Quran 3. Daar-Ul-Shafqat, Anjuman Hamayat-e-Islam Location: (Gawaal Mandi & Raaj Garh) Group Members 1. Raza Ur Rehman L1F10MBAM0186 2. Hira Mumtaz L1F10MBAM0210 3. Adnan Ashraf L1F10MBAM0184 4. Arooj Shahid L1F10MBAM2211 5. Naveed Khan L1F10MBAM2204 University of Central Punjab Table of Contents Sr. No. | Topic| Page No. | 1. | Introduction to Volunteers| 3| 2. | Activity detail (Individually elaborated by each volunteer)| 4| 3. | Finding (Individually elaborated by each volunteer)| 5| 4. | Inference (in group)| 6| 5. | Solutions| 7| . | Recommendations| 8| 7. | Working Pictures| 9| 1) Introduction to Volunteers Name: Raza Ur Rehman Registration#L1F10MBAM0186 Contact # 0300-8818813 Email: [email  protected] com Hobbies: Playing chess & cricket. Aim of life: To become a leading exporter of Pakistan. Name: Hira Mumtaz Registration#L1F10MBAM0210 Contact # 0322-5454997 Email: [email  protected] com Hobbies: Fine arts, Candle making & Singing. Aim of life: I befit myself as an entrepreneur. I want to run my own business of handicrafts. I also have a plan to build a welfare house for senior citizens. Name: Adnan AshrafRegistration#L1F10MBAM0184 Contact # 0313-4545169 Email: [email  protected] com Hobbies: Reading newspaper and watching talk shows. Aim of life: I want to explore the transport sector of Pakistan. Name: Arooj Shahid Registration#L1F10MBAM2211 Contact # 0321-8855324 Email: arooj. [email  protected] com Hobbies: Browsing, Chatting, Music, Social networking, Art work. Aim of life: To lead a management team. Name: Naveed Khan Registration#L1F10MBAM2204 Contact # 0333-4818331 Email: [email  protected] com Hobbies: Cricket, Volley ball, Internet surfing. Aim of life: To become a renowned politician. ) Activity Details Raza Ur Rehman: I visited the orphanages of Raaj Garh near Chouburji and Gawaal Mandi. I went there along with my group members to create awareness among children and t he staff members of the orphanages regarding the rights of children. Then, I collected the complaints of children and assure them full support by Children Complaint Office. Hira Mumtaz: I spent some time with children of some orphanages to enhance their understanding about their rights and show them our support to excel in their lives. I asked them to write about the deficiencies or hurdles they are facing.Adnan Ashraf: I talked to the orphans of Raaj Garh and Gawaal Mandi about their problems which they are facing in their lives and made them aware about their rights as citizens of Pakistan. Arooj Shahid: I entered the orphanages and talked to the officials and the children about the deserving rights of children. I tried to develop a sense of confidence among the orphans and made them realize their importance for a bright future of Pakistan. Naveed Khan: I studied the environment of orphanages of Gawaal Mandi and Raaj Garh. We talked to the children about their routine work and mot ivated them to work hard. ) Findings Raza Ur Rehman: Words of all the orphans made us feel that the children are satisfied with the facilities and the care provided by the orphanage administration. They seem happy living there and had no issues regarding the quality of food, education, clothes, etc. Sometimes, I had a feeling that they are reluctant to talk to me but soon after spending some time with them, my mind got cleared and came to know that they were hesitating because very few outsiders visit them. This generated some kind of awkward feeling for them for a short period of time.After spending some time with orphans, I found out that these children are not willing to live with their families. They want to stay in the orphanage homes and consider them as their real home. But their living standard is not still up to the mark. Children have so many questions on their faces which need to be answered by us. Even, after all the efforts by the administration of orphanage, so many th ings are missing in the lives of these orphans which should be provided to them. Hira Mumtaz: Orphanage care takers had very close attachment with these orphans.The concept about orphanages we ought to have, been completely ruled out after visiting these orphanages. But, the quality of life remained a question for these orphanages. Still a lot of work and effort need to be put in order to match the normal living standards. Adnan Ashraf: I saw the orphans completely blank. They were astonished to see us. Their faces were trying to tell us something but the presence of orphanage staff did not allow them to speak openly. Although these children are living a better life in these orphanages but their childhood deserve more than this.Arooj Shahid: The aim of our visit to the orphanage was to develop our understanding about the routine work of these orphans. I noticed their every day routine of going to school and then their life at orphanage. I found out that children are just spending th e days of their life without any clear aims in future. Naveed Khan: After talking to the children and the officials of orphanages, I concluded that they have very limited access to everything and due to this their thinking has also got limited which is not a good sign for a prosperous Pakistan. 4) InferenceWith mutual consensus, all of us concluded that the children are spending a better quality of life in orphanages than their own homes. They are being provided with every best possible facility by the orphanage staff. They have a feeling that the orphanage is their identity and they are not ready to separate themselves from their identity. We found children very disciplined. With all these positive aspects, one thing that we came to know after conducting this campaign is that these orphans feel as if they are a burden on these orphanages. More often, they have a feeling of deprivation.They do not have an access to all the joys of life which a normal child enjoys such as playing cri cket or some other games. The reason is that they do not have the playing accessories. All these things affect their personality a great deal. 5) Solutions Children complaint boxes must be placed in every orphanage. Punjab Government, the donors and the organizations should reallocate the resources to more effectively support alternative care options for these children. CCO must take steps for developing different children welfare programs which should further be supported by our Government in allocating appropriate budget.Government should monitor their implemented activities to ensure that standard guidelines and regulations are followed. Child protection training and child empowerment activities should be implemented. We need to develop programs that will promote the fulfillment of the child’s mental and psychological wellbeing. CCO in cooperation with child protection agencies and other NGOs should initiate programs to provide information to and educate communities about the meaning and implications of adoptions of orphanages.Orphanage staff should take all necessary steps to ensure that children living in orphanages are, as far as possible and in keeping with the best interest of the child, reunified with their families. 6) Recommendations * Place children complaint box in every orphanage. * Punjab Government, donors and organizations should reallocate the resources to more effectively support alternative care options for children. * CCO should take steps for developing different children welfare program which should further be supported by our Government in allocating appropriate budget. Government should monitor their implemented activities to ensure that standard guidelines and regulations are followed. * Child protection training and child empowerment activities should be implemented. * Need to develop programs that promote the fulfillment of the child’s mental and psychological wellbeing. * A comprehensive program needs to be initiated to get children know about their rights, i. e. right to live, right to learn, right to educate and more important right to be a family or a training program on the rights of the child should also be developed for all children living in orphanages, reflecting the full range of rights. CCO in cooperation with child protection agencies and other NGOs should initiate programs to provide information to and educate communities about the meaning and implications of adoptions of orphanages. * Orphanage staff should take all necessary steps to ensure that children living in orphanages are, as far as possible and in keeping with the best interest of the child, reunified with their families. * Different agencies and NGOs with relevant expertise should continue efforts to improve child protection. 7) Working Pictures

Importance of IT measurements for an organization Essay

The performance of a business is a strategic issue which depends greatly on IT contribution. IT is crucial for any business to grow as it enables efficient and effective communication between the employees and with the customers. Similarly, in collaboration with internet, IT provides means of networking, marketing and communication. It provides storage capacity for the company’s data, data protection, data processing, transmission and retrieval of data as required (Alexandrou, 2009). Furthermore, it saves space which would have been used for storage of many paper works. IT has many advantages to a business but it can also have disadvantages. It is therefore important for businesses to evaluate it before adopting it within its structure. IT offers different features and since different businesses have different needs it is therefore important for a business to lay down its objectives before adopting it. In most of the big organizations IT has been adopted entirely in most of their operations while the small ones use it in performing a number of operations. Adopting IT for the entire business operations requires much financial investment and analysis of the technology. According to Myers (2004), few organizations have put in place measures that ensure their corporate strategies and IT are aligned. In other words, few organizations have put in place rigorous systems for measuring the value brought about by IT to their business. In some organizations tools for the management and measurement of IT spending are present and these include IT steering committee, activity based costing, annual budgets, tightly controlled systems of purchasing, benchmarking among others (Myers, 2004). However, these tools do not measure its impacts on the business. Measurement of IT in an organization is vitally important but there are difficulties which hamper the evaluation processes. In most organizations the IT managers lack full understanding of the business and are therefore not included in the decisions made by the senior management personnel. The senior management personnel lack the knowledge of conducting IT measurement processes thus many organization do not measure their IT effectively. To add to that most of the IT managers lack the fully understanding of the measurement of IT processes and will therefore not conduct them (Williams, n. d. ). In Curley’s (n. d. ) view, for IT to deliver business value, its measurement should be done in terms of revenue growth, profitability and customer satisfaction. The performance of the IT system in business is normally evaluated by checking how the business operations are improved. A good system should be able to improve the operations of the business. The performance of an IT system should be directly proportional to its contribution to customer satisfaction. With improvements in the business operations, more customers will become satisfied with services provided by the business. Moreover, the measurement of IT performance is a complement to the measurement of IT contribution to customer satisfaction. The performance of IT is evaluated by the operations of the business while its contribution is evaluated by the increase in the number of customers and thus business growth. The measurement of IT in an organization is vital as it is useful in justifying the existing or the proposed system, comparing different systems, providing tools for system management and in providing a learning experience (Bjork, 2000). When evaluating an IT system in a business several things are usually considered; effectiveness, efficiency and performance benefits. It is important for organizations to develop a framework for evaluating the potential costs and benefits of new IT systems, and the performance of these systems after being implemented. Benefits of measuring IT By measuring and evaluating the IT system, its efficiency, effectiveness and performance benefits can be fully determined and this will be helpful in making decisions concerning the adoption of a new IT system. To add to that, the organization will gain an understanding of the existing IT and will therefore have the capability to determine whether it is beneficial to the current needs of the business or not. With IT measurements, the organization will be saved from wastage of monetary resources in purchasing low quality systems. An organization might purchase IT systems which are not useful in meeting the objectives of the organization thereby leading to wastage of funds which would have been used for other important needs. Consequently, the business will be able to purchase a system which will be of much benefit to the organization. With an efficient IT system the business planning times will be greatly reduced, the cost of marketing will be greatly reduced and more inquiries will be handled within a short time. Similarly, there will be a reduction in the communication cost and paperwork. Furthermore, an effective IT system will minimize business risks, increase the flexibility and competitiveness of the business, increase sales and will provide a sustainable increase in the market share. Furthermore, the performance benefits from the IT system include improvements in strategic intelligence for new markets, provision of capacity and space for business growth, overcoming obsolescence, provision of more relevant and reliable data, among others (Bjork, 2004). The measurements will be helpful in evaluating the weaknesses in the system and in providing guidelines on the ways of improving the system for the better. In other words, they will provide an opportunity to evaluate the loopholes in the technology. As time goes the needs of an organization changes or increases and thus improvements in technology are required. The goals of most organizations is to grow and become competitive in business and as it grows its IT should also grow with it otherwise it will become a hindrance in achieving its goals. The measurement of IT is therefore essential as it provides an opportunity for further advancements in this technology. In conclusion, IT measurements provide many benefits to an organization and are therefore essential. However, in many organizations, the success of IT in a business is measured in terms of the IT parameters which include capacity, processing speed and up time. This therefore shows that many businesses do not measure IT with regard to customer satisfaction or profitability. Customers are one of the most important assets of a business and should be included in IT measurements to ensure a sustainable business growth. Similarly, organizations should invest more funds in IT measurements. In measuring the impacts of IT in organizations knowledge and understanding is a necessity and thus funds are required. Measurement of IT is not an easy task and cannot be done by anyone; IT professionals are threfore needed and should have much experience in IT measurements. Since in many organizations the IT professionals have little experience in IT measurements, IT experts from outside will be helpful in ensuring IT measurements are conducted in an efficient and effective manner.

Anatomy (Reproductive System Study Guide)

Oviduct- passageway from the ovaries to the outside of the body Labia majora-The outer lips that protect the vagina Uterus- the cavity which holds the baby during pregnancy 3) What are the complementary male sex organs that correspond to the following female organs: oviduct, vagina, labia majora, ovary, clitoris Oviduct- epididymis Vagina- passageway from the ovaries to the outside of the body Labia majora- scrotum Ovary-Teste Clitoris-Penis 4) How are ova and sperm similar? How are they different? They both have the same number of chromosomes, but they are produced in different numbers throughout the month. ) Identify the phases of the menstrual cycle, and what events occur in each stage. Menstrual- the lining of the uterus sheds Follicular-the ovary prepares to release the egg Luteal- the ovary releases the egg 6) What are gonadotropins? What gland secretes them? Provide examples. Hormones secreted by the anterior pituitary. LH and FSH 7) After fertilization, where does an embryo i mplant? In to the uterine wall. 8) How is the sex of a child determined? By the DNA pairs. It’s XX for female and XY for male. 9) What can happen to maternal and paternal genes during crossover of meiosis? They can either be handed down or lost. 0) Identify the role that each of these hormones plays in reproduction: LH, FSH, estrogen, progesterone, testosterone LH-triggers ovulation FSH- regulates the development and growth Estrogen-the primary female sex hormones Progesterone-supports gestation Testosterone-the primary male sex hormone 11) What is required for sperm activity? Seminal Fluid 12) What prevents polyspermy? The cortical reaction 13) What does amniotic fluid contain? What are the important functions that it performs? Made of electrolytes and water that protects the fetus in the womb. 14) What are the events of organogenesis, in order? ctoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm 15) What hormonal changes occur in the mother and fetus at the onset of labor? The baby uses estrogen, oxycotin, and other hormones to determine when and how fast the baby is born. 16) What are the male accessory sex structures? Semin al Vesicles 17) What is the biggest cause of cervical cancer? HPV’s 18) When does the first mitotic division of the zygote occur? Morula 19) Name 3 roles of the uterus. Protects the developing baby, gives it nutrients, and is the site for implantation 20) Identify the characteristics and location of the uterine cervix. assage between the vaginal cavity and the uterine cavity and 4 centimeters long 21) What is the pathway of spermatozoa? Gamete 22) What is the role of seminiferous tubules? Creates spermatoza 23) What organ produces mature sperm? Epidymis 24) What percent of sperm comes from accessory glands? 60 percent 25) How many sperm are in one ejaculate? 300 million 26) What are the 4 main organs of the female? Uterus, Fallopian tube, ovaries, and vagina. 27) What is oogenesis? Creation of the ovum 28-30)Complete the Venn Diagram Chart below. How do the male and female reproductive systems compare? Male Differences |Similarities |Female Differences | |Smaller pelvic cavity |Same amount of chromosomes |Larger pelvic cavity | |Penis |Both interact with one another |Vagina | |No Boobs |Organs can do the same as other organs in|Boobs | | |the other | |

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits Essay - 7

How can a manager motivate a workforce and what are the major benefits of this to a company Support your answer with examples - Essay Example Other managers and HR officials believe that the work environment that comprises of treating employees with respect, and providing interesting work to them plays a great role in motivating these employees. Each and every of these explanations has some relevance and some truth in it; however, one theory cannot adequately explain how to motivate employees of an organization (Loehr and Kaye, 2011). This is because people are not purely political, economic, and psychological beings. On this basis, this paper asserts that employees of an organization need material, emotional, and social benefits as motivating factors. One of the methods of motivating employees is giving them the vision of the company. The management must also provide them with the methods of achieving this mission and vision of the company. All most all serious business organizations have an outline of their vision, and they normally require employees to satisfy and fulfill these visions (Loehr and Kaye, 2011, p. 33). Take for example the vision of Barclays bank is to become a premier banking institution in Europe, offering high quality banking services, and innovative solutions (Branham and Hirschfeld, 2010). When employees of an organization are aware of the vision of a company, they will work hard to ensure that they are able to meet the organizations vision. Creating and communicating the vision of a company is a psychological motivating factor. Another method of motivating employees is giving them what they need and want. It is important for managers of an organization to check whether employees have the necessary tools, sup port and training needed for purposes of carrying out their duties. Take for example a hospital organization that has employed doctors and nurses. The organization must provide these employees with the various tools needed for carrying out their duties,

Spectrophotomertry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Spectrophotomertry - Essay Example 2. INTRODUCTION Spectrophotometry is the study of numeric calculation of the magnitude of reflection and transmittance of different materials on the basis of the incident wave length. A spectrophotometer is a device which is used to measure the values of transmittance and reflection. Spectrophotometry is used in different fields and sciences like chemistry, biochemistry, physics and materials etc. Spectrophotometry also covers the subject of spectrum and its intensity, and other related issues with changing thicknesses. This report is actually based on the application of spectrophotometry. Dektak 3 ST is used in this experiment. It is a surface profile interpreting mechanism, adequately well on to the area of measuring surface grain or texture and capable of measuring change in thickness even in microns. A diamond tip stylus is used to identify the sample characteristics. The device is enough responsive to record all surface variations. The parametric measurement through Dektak 3 ST includes area, slope, radius measurement, step height, unevenness and roughness on a sample profile. A set of data plotting and video imaging can also be retrieved by using Dektak 3 ST. All thin films on which the spectroscopic analysis is made are actually made up of tin oxide. Tin oxide is a colorless transparent, amphoteric and inorganic material. Tin oxide is widely used in ceramics and majorly in ceramics glazing. Tin oxide is also used in the production of glasses and enamels. 3. EXPERIMENT The experiment is comprised of two phases, the first one proceeds with enkd-8000 machine and the second one proceeds with Dektak 3ST. In the beginning of the phase 1 of the experiment three glasses of tin dioxide having three different thicknesses are considered. The entire glass top surfaces of all are determined with the help of voltmeter. Then every glass is taken individually and analyzed in enkd-8000 machine. During the analysis of every glass, the file is clicked with the scanning opt ion from 400 nm wavelength to 900 nm wavelength. After the selection of the wavelength the machine will take some time to analyze. Then after analysis is switched on in which performance summary information is selected. The selection will yield the CIE color space for the first glass. Now the whole process is being repeated for second and third glasses. All three analyses are made on P polarization When our analysis for P polarization is completed then any sample is selected for S polarization so a conclusion can be drawn by varying polarization. This is how the phase 1 of the experiment is completed. Considering the phase 2 of the experiment, all same three glasses of tin dioxide are used. Every glass is taken and then masked individually from the isolation tap then after zinc powder is being applied, then afterwards Hydrochloric acid is used for application on the applied zinc powder. Finally the hydrochloric acid is scrapped out and then samples are washed out. After this process if the glasses appear clean then apply acetone on it then again wash it with the help of water and then glass is being dried out. The same process is repeated for all three glasses. Dektak3ST machine is used to measure the thickness of all the samples of three glasses. The samples are positioned in the machine one by one. The run option is clicked by the mouse, and then scan option is clicked

HRM Responses to a Changing Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

HRM Responses to a Changing Environment - Essay Example In the UK, the company also has a stake in Pret A Manger (www.McDonalds.co.uk). The UK is unusual in having only a relatively small proportion of restaurants as franchise operations. The first English restaurant was built in Woolwich in 1974 and was a product of a joint venture between Bob Rhea (a franchisee from Ohio) and McDonald's. In 1977, this had increased to thirty restaurants, and by 1982 this had reached 200 restaurants. In 1986, McDonald's bought out Rhea's 45% share for $38 million. Since that time, however, McDonald's UK has only slowly franchised parts of the operation. In 1993, this stood at only 11%, but by 1996 over 20% were franchise operations. McDonald's UK management state that they expect to have closer to 30% being franchises by early in 2001 (Royle, 2000, p. 32). According to the Euromonitor report, the company was operating 1,250 McDonald's restaurants throughout the country. 2003 saw the company introduce a revitalisation strategy, operating on both a global and local level. For McDonald's in the UK, the issue is no longer simply opening the right type of restaurant in the right location, but also engaging with real issues concerning the local community. The McDonald's business model is slightly different from that of most other fast food chains. In addition to ordinary franchise fees, supplies and percentage of sales, McDonald's also collects rent. As a condition of the franchise agreement, McDonald's owns most properties. Since rent is a fee that is not linked to sales, this practice allows McDonald's more control over its franchisees (Rumbelow, 1 February 2001). As the world's largest fast food company, McDonald's was the target of criticism on many grounds over the review period. It has been accused of the

A short essay ( A level standard) Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

A short ( A level standard) - Essay Example The events which led to the demise of his twin brothers, Dan and Jacob a year ago. He dearly missed them, his friends, play mates and also royal confidants. His life took a new turn that day when the three were playing in the house and Dan, the eldest among them tried to switch on the electric cooker and make a sandwich. The mother had gone to the market to buy their favourite foodstuffs so that she could prepare them a delicious meal. However, this would not happen as Dan was instantly electrocuted and the same fate befell his brother Jacob as he tried to assist him. The celebration mood turned sour and Janet, their mother, watched in disbelief as her sons bodies were hurled into the back of a waiting police car and to the morgue. David, the youngest observed with shock as her mother wailed in disbelief on seeing her son’s lifeless bodies lying on the ground. He was eight years then and thus could not fathom the magnitude of the occurrence as he was too young for it. But the mother knew what exactly the death of her beloved sons meant to her. It meant eternal physical separation from his twins whom she had treasured since birth and had vowed to protect, even with her own life if need be, all the days of her life. But now she had lost it all, she could not restore their life, they were gone forever. The pain and grief was unbearable, she was devastated and was hospitalised for depression. She was later discharged after immense help from a psychosocial counsellor and was able to cope and move on with life. This affected her performance at work as she could not be able to deliver the services required of her. She was thus relieved off her duties and was jobless for several months before she bumped into a secretarial job in the firm she is currently working in. Six months after the incident, Mr. Brown was diagnosed with a rare cardiovascular disease and was scheduled for operation in December. David

Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Civilian Contractors on the Battlefield - Essay Example The following discussion is going to explore the ethical problems, whilst defining the actual position of a civilian contractor on the battlefield. Also it will consider the security problems in depending on civilian personnel, because there interest is in the monetary value of their service rather than the loyalty and security of a nation4. Therefore this may jeopardize the security of battle planning, because if civilian contractors are working on a business level then if the opposition offered a better business deal then these civilian contractors become a breach in the US military strategy5. In the first place the role of the civilian contractor can be seen as military personal as the Hague Convention of 1907 allows that other persons can be combatant in a time of war than just military personnel. Therefore under the Geneva Convention these individuals will be afforded the protections as prisoners of war. This means that on the ethical grounds of using contractors on the battlefield, governments such as the USA can legitimately affirm their use. In essence under the Hague Convention and the Geneva Convention these individuals are in fact quasi-military, i.e. ... ercenaries.7 British Human Rights lawyer Helen Kennedy has illustrated that there is vast problems with the USA naming freedom fighters, armed guerrillas who are not part of a state army as terrorists in order to punish them through vengeance ethically and a breach of humanitarian law. We [the UK] should not be tempted to take the American route There should never be a direct role for victims in punishment. If victims have a direct say in sentencing decisions, how will consistency be achieved between the victim bent on vengeance and the person willing to forgive8 The actions of the US authorities in Guantanamo Bay are an example of a nation of victims having a say in the punishment of possibly innocent people and these victims have no objectivity and mass cruelty and torture is happening. This is happening of civilians that have taken up arms to protect themselves and named terrorists. How does the US government legitimize civilian contractors who are getting paid for there services on one hand, but not freedom fighters on the other The distinction does not make legal or ethical sense, because morally a freedom fighter has a better argument for their actions and to become a war prisoner protected under the Geneva Convention than does the civilian contractor.9 Finally, the security issues that the uses of civilian contractors raise are vast. In the first instance is a contractor is being highly paid there are business reasons for their use on the battlefield.10 Therefore is it not conceivably possible that if the contractor is offered a higher price on the opposition, the needs of the business and money outweigh loyalty Secondly, there is the possibility that there will be infiltration by the opposition through the use of civilian contractors; especially in the case

Robert Frost's Fire and Ice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Robert Frost's Fire and Ice - Essay Example The author used an open form of poetry to effectively express his thoughts and feelings about what the end of the world could be. Scientists are studying the possible end of the world and they have two theories which most probably might happen. That is, that the world will be destroyed through fire, destroying all living things as the consuming of power of fire devours the earth or that the earth will die because of extreme cold. Frost has ingeniously caught the attention not only of the poetics but also of those who base their passions through the study of sciences and goes on to discuss the basic facts of human life that is not only true to the romantics but to the nerds as well. From a general fact, Frost calls the attention of his audience to the contents of a collective unconscious, as the psychologist Carl Gustav Jung (Ketkar) phrases it for them to ponder and think of such a necessary matter that is usually taken for granted because of the demands of daily human activities. Th e poem uses parallelism of words to express the pictures in his mind when he talks about desire and hatred equating them to fire and ice, respectively, through the use of metaphors which is otherwise considered a symbolism (http://www.freeonlineresearchpapers.com).

Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Analysis of Critical Thinking Skills - Assignment Example Here the student only focused on the Christian perspective on the vaccination of their daughters. He does not compare this perspective to other perspectives. On the third critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as weak (0). He did not gather any additional evidence apart from the article. It appears that the student did not do further research on the subject or use his knowledge from other sources. On the fourth critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as partially developed (1). He only states the conclusion. The student does not offer any suggestions on how to improve the society’s current situation. On the first critical thinking skill, I would grade the student’s article as excellent (3). The student identifies both the problem at hand and the secondary problems that relate to it. The students also provide relevant solutions to the problem. Additionally, the student is well organized in how he discusses the issues raised. On the second critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as substantially developed (2). The student clearly identifies and compares different perspectives on the issue. He compares perspectives of different organizations, his gynecologist and from his own childhood experience. On the third critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as substantially developed (2). He analyzes the evidence from the article and compares it with evidences from other sources. He is not limited by the evidence provide in the article alone. He focusses on his childhood experience as well as his gynecologist’s medical perspective. On the fourth critical thinking skill, I would grade the student as excellent (3). The student puts his findings in the context of his community’s cultural understanding of the subject. He also provides relevant solutions on how to reduce HPV infections. This is through educating them about its vaccination. All the four critical thinking skills will be very

Human Resources Code of Ethics Essay Example for Free

Human Resources Code of Ethics Essay Message I am thrilled to join Company X’s management team. My colleagues have been stellar in providing me support and helping me accilmate to the organizational culture, which is different from what I am accustomed to. I have encountered my first challenge, a challenge that is incumbent that I bring to your attention along with three detailed solutions, inclusive of attractive and detractive aspects of each. It is also important that I share with you the methodology I employed to arrive at these conclusions, since it is reasonable for you to have access to and test the methodology employed to engender these solutions. I will also recommend to you an appropriate course of action. Separately, I will present a report, which will report the findings of an analysis that I conducted on our company’s ethical decision-making process. This report will include strategies to mitigate against concerns I will have raised in the memorandum. I will also discuss the process of creating a code of ethics that will provide for employee growth through ethical decision making and continued company revenue growth. Production Concern Company X is the leader in the production of toy whistles for children the world over. Our principal production plant is located within the United States and, naturally, is under the purview of production guidelines set forth by the U.S. government. The quality-assurance department recently informed me of a production issue that has arisen. Toy whistles that have been manufactured and are on schedule for shipment undergo an arduous testing process to ensure that the  constitution of each toy meets federal regulations. Toy whistles that will be shipped to South American countries have, unfortunately, failed lead-level requirements; they are slightly higher in lead than what is legally tolerable. Our company has decisions to make about how we address this considerable concern. After analysis, collaboration with team members, and sufficient reflection, I have developed three solutions to address this concern. Each solution has attractive and detractive aspects, both of which I will discuss. Ethical, legal, and financial considerations must be made with all solutions. Solution 1: Cease shipment; Re-produce Toy Whistles At current lead levels, the toy whistle would not be shipped to customers. The entire production process would re-apply, which includes re-securing the raw materials necessary to make replacement whistles, re-producing those whistles through the production process, and commissioning the quality-assurance department to verify that the whistles meet all federal guidelines for selling and consumption. It will also be important that the quality-assurance department provide a quality verification of its own processes. Such a verification will be necessary, since antecedent quality processes failed to identify the higher-than-normal lead levels of our toy whistles. Solution 1: Explanation of Method Used to Select Solution A combination of brainstorming and SWOT analysis were employed to determine three solutions for our company’s quandary. The brainstorming process involved three team members who reviewed the situation and offered ideas—any ideas—as solutions. Each team member produced two ideas, totaling six possible solutions. The following is a breakdown of submissions by team members: Bob Jones| Celine Jiles| Patti Durant| Stop Production; Adjust Lead Levels| Continue Production; Bribe Foreign and  Domestic Government| Stop Production; Offer Different Product| Stop Production; Make Plastic Whistles| Continue Production; Ignore Lead Levels| Stop Production; Close Business| A SWOT analysis was performed on each decision alternative to test its integrity. SWOT is an acronym for â€Å"Strengths,† â€Å"Weaknesses,† â€Å"Opportunities,† and â€Å"Threats† (Bradford, Duncan, Tarcy, 2000). The goal is to reduce the possible responses to those that require attention. Bob Jones Solution A Strengths: Legal and ethical approach to doing business. Promotes high levels of customer service. Holds all parties accountable for their actions due to process review and refinement. Weaknesses: Delayed production. Poor customer-satisfaction surveys in the short term. Costly to hold up production. Opportunities: Favorable contract renegotiation if determined process failure with supplier. Possible acquisition of new customers if mitigative steps made known. Threats: Possible government intervention if lead levels are exposed. Possible customer revolt if mitigative steps to lead levels not perceived correctly. Customer churn—possibly to competitor—due to production delay. Board of directors overhaul of C-level management Based on these considerations, Solution A is a viable candidate for resolution. Bob Jones Solution B Strengths: No delay in production. Customer satisfaction not harmed. Foreign government receptive to bribes. No disruption to revenue. Weaknesses: Domestic government not receptive to bribing. Massive costs due to bribing. No consideration for customer health. Short-term solution. Socially irresponsible course of action. Opportunities: Short-term customer growth. Relationship-building with foreign government. Threats: Considerable legal actions from both domestic and foreign government if not receptive bribes. Possible legal threats from customers. The costs associated with Solution A indicate that it is not a viable solution. Celine Jiles Solution A Strengths: Legal and ethical approach to doing business. Promotes high levels of customer service due to considering customers’ health. Holds all parties accountable for their actions due to process review and refinement. Weaknesses: Massive delays in production. Abrogation of contract with current supplier. Extensive training costs for new products. Extensive project-management costs to deploy new product. Substantial increase in customer churn due to offering different product. Possible negative press in foreign market. Possible domestic layoffs due to change in product. Opportunities: New streams of revenue due to new product. New streams of customers due to new-product demand. New, lower cost contracts with new suppliers. Possible employment of foreign workers to replace costly domestic workers. Threats: Legal threats from current employees subject layoff. Possible customer revolt if competitor unable to make up for our departure from whistle market. Increased regulatory scrutiny possible based on new product. Intractable board of directors. Based on these considerations, Solution A is a viable candidate for resolution. Celine Jiles Solution B Strengths: Minimal delay in production. Avoid lead-level requirements. Safter products for customers, thereby increasing customer satisfaction. Avoid legal issues from foreign and domestic governments. Contract abrogation with supplier if process failure due to supplier. Socially responsible course of action. Weaknesses: Contract abrogation with existing supplier if Company X process failure. Short-term customer dissatisfaction due to minimal production delay. Training for production of new whistles. Costly process refinements. Opportunities: Possible acquisition of new customers. Long-term customer growth. Possibly reduced prices with contract negotiations for new suppliers. If process adjustments made public, possible acquisition of customers in other countries. Threats: Minimal threat of legal action from domestic or foreign governments due to initlal lead-level failures. Minimal threat of substantial customer churn. The strengths of Solution B indicate that is viable enough to be considered. Patti Durant Solution A Strengths: Reduced production costs. Short-term customer satisfaction due to on-time delivery. Possible increased customer acquisition. Weaknesses: Very short-term solution. Disregard for long-term customer health. Disregard for domestic legal mandates. Socially irreponsible course of action. Long-term profit loss. High customer churn in long term. Opportunities: Short-term increase in streams of revenue. Threats: Extensive legal threats from public and private sector. Abrogation of current contracts iminent. Long-term erosion of shareholder confidence. Solution A should not be further considered due to the blantant disregard for customer safety. Patti Durant Solution B Strengths: Regard for customer health. Weaknesses: Total loss of all revenue and profit. Opportunities: No known opportunities. Threats: Possible legal action from suppliers, employees, customers, and governments due to abrogation of contracts, inability to pay out on employee pensions, or willfully missed customer demand. Solution B is unquestionably not worthy of further consideration. Solution 1: Advantages and Disadvantages The important advantage this solution offers is that our toy whistles’ lead levels will not detrimentally influence the health of our customers. Our identification of this issue will allow our company to take mitigative actions before the whistles are in the hands of our consumers. Another advantage of this solution is that our customers will be unaware that there could have been an issue with the whistles. Our consumers’ ignorance allows our company to avoid a public-relations concern or public excoriation of our product and company brand. There are no government mandates that our company must disclose these sorts of issues if they are discovered before being delivered to our customers. An important disadvantage to this solution is that the investigative process and resultant process refinements will prove costly and timely. It is evident that a production and service failure has occurred, since our whistles’ lead levels currently contravene United States legislative mandates; however, we are not certain where in the supply chain this failure has occurred. Unnecessary people-power must be devoted to resolving this issue sufficiently to prevent issues in the similitude of this one. Another disadvantage to this solution is the effect it will have on employee morale. To be specific, the judgment of the managers of these processes is dubious and will have to be investigated. It is unquestionable that coaching and development, inclusive of corrective action, will have to be meted to all parties involved in this situation. And because of the cost of resolving this matter, some managers and their employees may have to have their employment terminated. No matter how delicately the corrective action will be handled, other employees will inevitable respond negatively. This situation may encourage discussions of unionization. It may engender unnecessary employee churn. Or for those who have their employment terminated as a result of our investigation, it may very well involve contending against ex-employee litigation for perceived wrongful termination, which will involve government agencies and their investigations. Solution 1: Ethical Considerations This solution is an ethically viable option. The reason is that the lead levels prescribed by the federal government are ostensibly predicated on customer saftey and, if more stringent, supersede lead-level requirements of the target country. Providing customers, especially young children, with high-lead toys is immediately unethical and demonstrates a disconnection from social responsibility. Solution 1: Financial Considerations This solution, however, is the most costly and will make profit from these sales impossible unless we increase the price of the toy whistles. The  following are cost considerations of this solution: 1. Vetting Raw-Material Supplier: It is possible that the raw materials that we obtain from our supplier do not possess the integrity that we expect, which would cause products to fail quality verfifcations. An audit would be required of the supplier. This audit would entail the following costs: a. On-site inspections: $10,000, inclusive of labor costs and travel expenditures b. Report of findings: $5,000, inclusive of labor costs of presenting the findings c. Negative findings: $10,000, inclusive of replacing and contracting with a different raw-materials supplier. d. Positive findings: $15,000, inclusive of sunk costs of on-site inspections and reporting of findings (since no issue would have been with the supplier) 2. Vetting Production Processes: There may be deficiencies in the production process that cause higher levels of lead to result in our products. Here are the costs associated with this vetting: e. Departmental inspections: $7,000, inclusive of labor costs f. Report of findings: $5,000, inclusive of labor costs of presenting the findings g. Negative findings: $50,000, inclusive of making process adjustments, training on new processes, and follow-up labor costs h. Positive findings: $12,000, inclusive of sunk costs of inspections and reporting of findings. As easily noted, the costs of making process changes are considerable. However, the costs of these changes should not, by themselves, be an impetus to continue to produce high-lead toy whistles.

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay

A Hostile Work Environment Commerce Essay This compensation can come in the form of salary increase or bonus. If someone feels they are not being rewarded or even considered for an increase they very often look to move somewhere else that they can receive a higher salary. A hostile work environment is also a major reason that employees felt demotivated. When an employee feels that their work environment is not safe or that they are treated unfairly they may often look to leave. Many times they do not try to confront the situation, but instead would prefer to just avoid it which greatly dissatisfies them and which would in turn prevent the organization from retaining its employees. Problem Statement In this research study, the motivating factors which are not being implemented due to which Ufone is facing trouble to retain its employees Research Question What are the motivating factors that will lead to employee retention at Ufone? Rationale of the study The basic premise for studying the Human Resource Management Practices (HR) and Employee Retention in relation to level of motivation of employees at Ufone is to assess the importance being attached to these vital aspects by the organizations concerned and to develop an understanding of the relationship between the overall manner in which motivation has subsequent impact on the willingness of the employees to stay with the organization. Its the need of today for us to analyze the important role played by the ability of the organizations to retain competent employees for developing distinctive competencies for an organization. This report can be useful for different people for organization and employers who are planning to retain talented employees and are faced by lack of employee turnover. In todays emergent world, the Telecom industry is expanding immensely and the 2nd largest sector in Pakistan. It is essential to conduct research on telecom related topics in order to create a better understanding of the sector and help to increase the revenue generated from this sector for the government and for itself, having a positive effect on the economy too. Institutions are being reshaped to adjust to a postindustrial society. Naisbitt suggested that motivational implications are very important; most of our economy continues to shift from manufacturing to service and information jobs. In an ever raging battle of surpassing each other, organizations with distinctive competencies out perform their competitors. To gain and maintain competitive advantage an organization uses every possible mean available to it in its battery of resources. Marketers and multinationals would want their competent employees to stay within the organization, thus they would want to find out the motivating factors that lead to employee retention. The present research focuses on exploratory goals such as analyzing the motivating factors that lead to employee retention, which in turn effects the over all performance of the company. Research Objective To explore factors that lead to employee retention. To analyze if working environment plays an important role in the motivation process To access the recognition of work and its impact To analyze the amount of influence training has   when it comes to motivating employees To find out what are the challenges and bottle necks preventing Ufone from enhancing the employee productivity and in retaining talent. To find out the importance that motivation holds for employees in order to stay with-in the organization. To asses whether empowerment and delegation of authority gives an employee a sense of responsibility To explore if internal and external factor would help increase the motivation process To analyze the amount of influence that motivation at Ufone has on its employees. Scope of the study This study is restricted to the motivating factors that would lead to employee retention at Ufone. In this research secondary data is obtained from sources such as published articles and reports while primary data is gathered through interviews and questionnaires survey from the employees of Ufone. This report can be useful for Ufone, its head of departments and the institutions which would bring into light the problems and how to prevent those factors that lead to employees being demotivated and how a company can retain its employees.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW In the business world, motivation is the word used to describe the drive that impels an individual to work. A truly motivated employee is one who wants to work, if employees know what strengthens and weakens their motivation, they can often perform more effectively and help themselves find more satisfaction in their jobs. Employers also want to know what motivates their employees so that they can encourage continued peak performance (Halloran, 1986).   A lot of research has been done on the study of motivation and it can be traced back to the writing of the ancient Greek philosophers. Hedonism has given a basic assumption in the prevailing economic and social philosophies of Adam Smith, Jeremy Bentham, and John Stuart Mill who explained motivation in terms of people trying to maximize pleasure and minimize pain.   Motivation is a personal drive to act in order to satisfy ones needs. It comes from within the individual. It creates a drive to act, which may be influenced by some external stimulus. Employee retention is an important factor in an organizations ability to achieve sustained competitive advantage over a longer period of time. Besides this aspect a failure to retain competent employees leads to a numerous other problems. Retaining good employees is critical to a firms long term success. In the engineering and business markets, employee retention is extremely serious since the job market is tight and competition is very intense for candidates. The main factors in retaining employees include, corporate brand identity, employee intention to remain, organizational culture, self-esteem, need for achievement. The cost of employee turnover adds hundreds of thousands of money to a companys expenses. While it is difficult to fully calculate the cost of turnover (including hiring costs, training costs and productivity loss) industry experts often quote 25% of the average employee salary as a conservative estimate. When an employee leaves, he takes with him valuable knowledge about the company, customers, current projects and past history (sometimes to the competitors).   Often much time and money has been spent on the employee in expectation of a future return. When the employee leaves, the investment is not realized. Customers and clients do business with a company in part because of the people. Relationships are developed that encourage continued sponsor ship of the business. When and employee leaves the relationships that employee built for the company are severed which could lead to potential customer loss. If an employee resigns then good amount of time is lost in hiring a new employee and then training him/her and this goes to the loss of the company directly which many a times goes unnoticed. And even after this a company cannot assure the same efficiency from the new employee.

Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy

Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe Ferromagnetic Shape Memory Alloy Microstructures and Magnetic Anisotropy Properties of Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloy Abstract This study investigated the microstructure, magnetic anisotropy and the trend of magnetic field induced strain in Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe ferromagnetic shape memory alloys. At room temperature, a trunk-type ÃŽ ³ phase precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10-type martensitic phase with a (1-11) twinning plane, which prefer growth in (110) orientation after directional solidification. The magnetic anisotropy constant can evaluate 1.13Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 and 1.36Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 by Suckmith-Thompson method, respectively. The trend of twin martensitic rearrangement had evaluated by O’handley model and the result was revealed that the magnetic anisotropy energy in specimens was far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries and the twin martensitic can rearrangement to obtain strains in applied magnetic field. Key words: magnetic anisotropy; ferromagnetic shape memory alloys; twin martensitic; Suckmith-Thompson method; strains in applied magnetic field 1 . Introduction Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys (FSMAs) exhibit large magnetic field induced strain (MFIS) and rapid response in the application of an external magnetic field, which was considered as potential candidate materials for magnetic controlled actuators and sensors[1, 2]. Several FSMAs exist including Ni-Mn-Ga[3-8], Co-Ni-Ga[9, 10], Ni-Mn-Al[1], Ni-Fe-Ga[2] and Co-Ni-Al[11-17] etc. Of these alloys, ÃŽ ²-base Co-Ni-Al alloys was drawn much attention because of their better ductility and low cost of constituent elements[18, 19]. In Co-Ni-Al alloys, dual-phase structure arises is of a great advantage for practical applications, due to tailor of mechanical properties of the ÃŽ ² phase and ÃŽ ³ phase. Generally, ÃŽ ² phase (B2, B.C.C.) in polycrystalline material is extremely hard and brittle, but the presence of ÃŽ ³ phase (A1, F.C.C.) can significantly improve the ductility with alloy[20, 21]. On the other hand, B2-type ÃŽ ² phase has transformed to the L10-type thermo-elastic martensite when temperature cooling below the phase transformation temperature and a large MFIS were found in Co-Ni-Al alloy due to the rearrangement of twin martensite variants in external magnetic field[22, 23]. In MFIS process, the magnetic anisotropy energy can lead the variant rearrangement in order that the magnetic easy axis was aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction when the magnetic anisotropy energy was larger than the energy driving variant rearrangement[24]. So, to obtain the magnetic anisotropy and the trend of twin martensite boundary mobility in FMSAs was very important. In this study, the microstructure and magnetic anisotropy in Co-Ni-Al and Co-Ni-Al-Fe were investigated. Furthermore, in order to establish out a useful direction in ferromagnetic shape memory alloy designs, the trend of magnetic field induced strain with ferromagnetic element Fe added in Co-Ni-Al alloy was discussed. 2. Experimental Procedure The samples with the composition Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 (at%) were prepared by arc-melting furnace using purity elements (>99.99%) under pure argon atmosphere. Ingots were melted four times to ensure the homogeneity and then suction cast into rods with a diameter of 3mm and a length of 70mm. The rods were grown used the liquid metal cooling directional solidification method in Al2O3 crucible at pulling rate of 100ÃŽ ¼m/s and temperature gradients of 800à ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã†â€™/cm. In order to obtain microstructure of the specimens, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were examined. XRD were examined in the Philips PW170 using CuKÃŽ ± 1 radiation at a scanning angle of 10 °-90 ° and a scanning speed of 3 °/min. TEM was performed on a Philips CM12 and a Tecnai F20 super twin field emission gun TEM equipped with a Gatan imaging filter system. Specimens for TEM analysis were thinned by twin jet electro-poli shing in a solution of 5% perchloric acid and 95% ethanol. The magnetization was examined for selected samples using the Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (Lake Shore 7407) with a maximum magnetic field of 1.5T at room temperature. 3. Results and Discussion 3.1 Microstructures The microstructure images of specimens are shown in Fig.1. It can be seen that a typical dendritic morphology in the specimens and the trunk phase are the Co-rich ÃŽ ³ phase, which precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The ÃŽ ³ phase grows in Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloy is smaller indicating that Fe add in Co-Ni-Al alloy has a trend to formationtion more matrix phase. The matrix phase undergoes the martensitic transformation suggesting that the martensitic transformation start temperature (TMs) higher than room temperature. Fig.2 gives the XRD patterns of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12. The spectrum peaks of the parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10 structure (martensite phase) with the small amount of the coexisting ÃŽ ³ phase (A1 structure), which is in good agreement with the observation of the micrographs. After directional solidification, the martensitic implies preferred (110) orientation in alloy Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 and the spectrum peak of ÃŽ ³ phase appears less orientation when Fe add in Co1.36Ni1.21Al alloy. Fig.3 shows TEM photographs and selected-area diffraction pattern of samples. It can be seen that martensite, whose transformation from ÃŽ ² phase, is tetragonal L10 structure. The twin martensite is spearhead-shaped, which is the presence of many black and white pinstripes regularly piled up. Fig.3b and 3d shows the electron diffraction patterns exhibiting the structural feature of the specimens. The patterns were taken with an incident electron beam parallel to the [011] zone axis and the primary diffraction spots are indexed for the L10 structure twin martensite with a (1-11) twinning plane. 3.2 Magnetic anisotropy The magnetizations of specimens as a function of applied magnetic field at room temperature are shown in Fig.4. The measured M-H curves for the a-plane direction can be saturated easily, while the magnetization for the c-axis is hardly saturated. Obviously, a-plane is the easy direction to magnetic, but c-axis is the hard direction. The value of coercivity (Hc) and saturation magnetization (Ms) with Co1.36Ni1.21Al alloy was about 102Oe and 43.72emu/g, respectively. Compared, the value of Ms was promoted from 43.72emu/g to 57.64emu/g and the Hc decrease from 102Oe to 53Oe in Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12. The axial magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of the sample was determined by the magnetization curves measured along and perpendicular the axis. The magnetic anisotropy energy Em was calculated by equation[25] (1): Em≈K2’sin2ÃŽ ¸+K4’sin4ÃŽ ¸ (1) Where ÃŽ ¸ is the angle between the magnetization and the c-axis; K2’ is the second-order magnetic anisotropy constant and K4’ is the fourth-order magnetic anisotropy constant. The value of magnetic anisotropy constant Ku is approximately equal to the sum of K2’ and K4’ as shows in equation (2): Ku≈K2’+ K4’ (2) After correcting the demagnetizing field, the value of magnetic anisotropy constant K2’, K4’ and Ku can evaluate by the Suckmith-Thompson method [24]using the equation (3): 2 K2’/Ms2+(4K4’/Ms4)M2=He/M (3) Where Ms is the saturation intensity; M is the magnetization and He is the effective field. From equation (3), the anisotropy constants can obtain from the graph of M2 and He/M: the slope being is 4 K4’/Ms4 and the intercept of Y-axis is 2 K2’/Ms2. Fig.5 is the graph of M2 and He/M of specimens Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 and the values of magnetic anisotropy constant K2’, K4’ and Ku were calculated in Table 1. However, the value of Ku in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 approach same level compare with tradition FSMAs (NiMnGa[26, 27], Ku=-2.03Ãâ€"106 erg ·cm-3) and the lager value of Ku can provide greater magnetic anisotropy energy in applied magnetic field. 3.3 Dimensionless field normalized by anisotropy The magnetic field induced strains in FSMAs are explained by the rearrangement of twin boundaries in variants martensitic phase under the driving force of the Zeeman energy (MsH) difference across the twin boundaries. Twin boundaries with the large magnetic anisotropy can obtain great magnetic anisotropy energy in applied magnetic field. When the magnetic anisotropy energy is bigger than the energy driving variant rearrangement, the magnetic anisotropy energy can lead the variant rearrangement in order that the magnetic easy axis is aligned parallel to the magnetic field direction. The mechanism for twin-boundary motion shows in Fig.6. O’handley[28] was used dimensionless field parameter ha to express the relationship between Zeeman energy and magnetic anisotropy energy. The dimensionless field parameter ha can evaluate by the equation (4): ha=MsH/2Ku (4) When haaà ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ®1, the magnetic anisotropy energy is not sufficient to overcome Zeeman energy and the material can’t obtain strain in applied magnetic field. In order to make sure trend of magnetic field induced strain of specimens, the values of ha were calculated and the result list in Table 2. Obviously, the values of ha in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys was smaller than 1. The magnetic anisotropy energy of specimens is far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries and the twin martensitic can rearrangement to obtain large strains in applied magnetic field. Furthermore, Fe added in Co-Ni-Al alloy can enhance the magnetic anisotropy and reduce the dimensionless field parameter ha as shows in Table 2. It was suggesting that Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 has lager trend of twin boundary rearrangement and it is a meaningful direction for material design of FSMAs. 4. Conclusion In order to obtain large magnetic field induced strain of MFIS at room temperature in Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys, the microstructure and magnetic anisotropy and the trend of rearrangement twin boundary were investigated. A trunk-type ÃŽ ³ phase precipitates in the matrix phase and the grain boundaries in each specimen. The parent phase in each specimen is identified as L10-type martensitic phase with a (1-11) twinning plane, which prefer growth in (110) orientation after directional solidification. The magnetic anisotropy constant Ku of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 alloys were evaluated to be 1.13Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3 and 1.36Ãâ€"106erg ·cm-3, respectively. The trend of twin martensitic rearrangement has evaluated using O’handley model. The result is revealed that the dimensionless field parameter ha of Co1.36Ni1.21Al and Co1.36Ni1.21AlFe0.12 was smaller than 1 and the magnetic anisotropy energy in specimens was far greater than Zeeman energy difference across the twin boundaries. In this condition, twin martensitic can rearrangement and obtains large strains in applied magnetic field. Refernces [1] Fujita A, Gejima F, Ishida K. Magnetic properties and large magnetic-field-induced strains in off-stoichiometric Ni-Mn-Al Heusler alloys[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2000, 77 (19 ): 3054-3056. [2] Morito H, Fujita A, Ota T, et al. Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy in a single crystal Fe-Ni-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. MATERIALS TRANSACTIONS . 2003, 44 (4 ): 661-664. [3] Kimura A, Ye M, Taniguchi M, et al. Lattice instability of Ni-Mn-Ga ferromagnetic shape memory alloys probed by hard X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2013, 103 . [4] Pagounis E, Chulist R, Lippmann T, et al. Structural modification and twinning stress reduction in a high-temperature Ni-Mn-Ga magnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2013, 103 . [5] Seiner H, Bodnarova L, Kopecky V, et al. The effect of antiphase boundaries on the elastic properties of Ni-Mn-Ga austenite and premartensite.[J]. Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal. 2013, 25 (42 ): 425402. [6] Pushpanathan K, Santhi R, Chokkalingam R, et al. Martensitic Transformation and Microstructure of Ni-Mn-Ga Magnetic Shape Memory Alloy[J]. Materials and Manufacturing Processes. 2012, 28 (1 ): 72-78. [7] Pons J, Santamarta R. Crystal structure of martensitic phases in Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloys[J]. Acta Materialia. 2000, 48 (12 ): 3027-3038. [8] Likhachev A A. Magnetic-field-controlled twin boundaries motion and giant magneto-mechanical effects in Ni-Mn-Ga shape memory alloy[J]. Physics Letters A. 2000, 275 (1-2 ): 142-151. [9] Liu J, Zheng H X. High undercooling effect on magnetic shape memory Co-Ni-Ga alloys[J]. Materials Letters. 2006, 60 (13-14 ): 1693-1696. [10] Wuttig M, Craciunescu C. A new ferromagnetic shape memory alloy system[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2001, 44 (10 ): 2393-2397. [11] Scheerbaum N, Kraus R, Liu J, et al. Reproducibility of martensitic transformation and phase constitution in Ni–Co–Al[J]. Intermetallics. 2012, 20(1): 55-62. [12] Liu J, Li J G. Microstructure, shape memory effect and mechanical properties of rapidly solidified Co–Ni–Al magnetic shape memory alloys[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2007, 454–455: 423-432. [13] Bartova B, Schryvers D, Yang Z, et al. Microstructure and precipitates in as-cast Co38Ni33Al29 shape memory alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2007, 57(1): 37-40. [14] Liu J, Zheng H X, Li J G. Effect of solidification rate on microstructure and crystal orientation of ferromagnetic shape memory alloys Co–Ni–Al[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2006, 438–440(04): 1061-1064. [15] Liu J, Huang Y L, Li J G. Microstructure and magnetic field induced strain of directionally solidified ferromagnetic shape memory CoNiAl alloys[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2005, 53 (1 ): 29-33. [16] Wang H Y, Liu Z H, Wang Y G, et al. Microstructure of martensitic phase in the Co39Ni33Al28 shape memory alloys revealed by transmission electron microscopy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2005, 400(1–2): 145-149. [17] Fujita A, Kudo T, Kainuma R, et al. Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in a single-variant Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Materials Transactions. 2003, 44 (10 ): 2180-2183. [18] Khandelwal A, Sharma V K, Chandra L, et al. The magnetic properties across the martensitic transition in the Co38Ni34Al28 alloy[J]. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. 2012, 324 (5 ): 729-734. [19] Chatterjee S, Thakur M, Giri S, et al. Transport, magnetic and structural investigations of Co–Ni–Al shape memory alloy[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 456(1–2): 96-100. [20] Seiner H, Kopecek J, Sedlak P, et al. Microstructure, martensitic transformation and anomalies in c -softening in Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys[J]. Acta Materialia. 2013, 61 (15 ): 5869-5876. [21] Tanaka Y, Oikawa K, Sutou Y, et al. Martensitic transition and superelasticity of Co–Ni–Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys with ÃŽ ²+ÃŽ ³ two-phase structure[J]. Materials Science and Engineering: A. 2006, 438–440: 1054-1060. [22] Maziarz W. Structure changes of Co–Ni–Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys after vacuum annealing and hot rolling[J]. Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2008, 448(1–2): 223-226. [23] Maziarz W, Dutkiewicz J, Santamarta R, et al. Microstructure changes in two phase ÃŽ ²+ ÃŽ ³ Co-Ni-Al ferromagnetic shape memory alloys in relation to Al/Co ratio[J]. The European Physical Journal Special Topics. 2008, 158(1): 137-142. [24] Morito H, Oikawa K, Fujita A, et al. Large magnetic-field-induced strain in Co–Ni–Al single-variant ferromagnetic shape memory alloy[J]. Scripta Materialia. 2010, 63(4): 379-382. [25] Sucksmith W T J E. The Magnetic anisotropy of cobalt [J]. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London Series A-Mathematical and Physical Sciences. 1954, 225(1162): 362-375. [26] Sozinov A L A A U. Giant magnetic-field-induced strain in NiMnGa seven-layered martensitic phase[J]. Applied Physics Letters. 2002, 80(10): 1746-1748. [27] Sozinov A L A A. Crystal structures and magnetic anisotropy properties of Ni-Mn-Ga martensitic phases with giant magnetic-field-induced strain[J]. IEEE Trancations on Magnetics. 2002, 38(5): 2814-2816. [28] OHandley R C. Model for strain and magnetization in magnetic shape-memory alloys[J]. Journal of Applied Physics. 1998, 83 (6 ): 3263-3270.

Manic Hamlet in Shakespeares Hamlet :: GCSE Coursework Shakespeare Hamlet

Manic Hamlet      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Manic: affected by violent madness . When one is affected by mania it becomes the dictator of his or her actions .   This holds true in William Shakespeare's Hamlet . In the play, Hamlet is depressed to the point of mania. His entire existence is engulfed in his melancholia.   Hamlet's words, thoughts, interactions and most tangibly his actions make his heavy-heartedness an undeniable reality. The degree of Hamlet 's depression is set by his ennui and his melancholy itself is revealed through his tenacity. Throughout the play Hamlet's actions are plagued by his overbearing depression. This depression in combination with Hamlet's mania is what makes his a bipolar disorder sufferer.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Psychologically, mania is described as a mood disorder characterized by euphoric states ,extreme physical activity ,excessive talkativeness, distractedness, and sometimes grandiosity. During manic periods a person becomes "high" extremely active , excessively talkative, and easily distracted. During these periods the affected person's self esteem is also often greatly inflated. These people often become aggressive and hostile to others as their self confidence becomes more and more inflated and exaggerated.   In extreme cases (like Hamlet's) the manic person may become consistently wild or violent until he or she reaches the point of exhaustion. Manic depressives often function on little or no sleep during their episodes.   Ã‚  Ã‚   At the opening of the play Hamlet is portrayed as a stable individual . He expresses disappointment in his mother for her seeming disregard for his father's death. His feelings are justified and his actions are rational at this point, he describes himself as being genuine. As this scene progresses it is revealed that Hamlet views himself as being weak: "My father's brother, but no more like my father/ than I to Hercules" (1.2.153) The doubts that Hamlet has concerning his heroism become particularly evident in his actions as the story progresses. These doubts are a major hindrance to his thoughts of revenge.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Hamlet wishes to avenge the murder of his father and rectify this great injustice. The conflict between his desire to seek revenge and his own thoughts of incompetence is the cause of his initial unrest. "Haste me to know't , that I , with wings as swift / As meditation or thoughts of love , / may sweep to my revenge (1.5.29-31).   Here Hamlet pleads to the Ghost of King Hamlet to reveal the name of his murderer.

Leadership Essay -- Leading Leader Essays

Leadership   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This short paper is about leadership and management. The initial part of this paper will explore the qualities of leadership and its affect on project management. The next section will investigate some of the CEO’s management styles and their comparable success rates within industry. The reflection of project management’s code of ethics affect on leadership in general concludes the research presentation. The writer concludes with his own summation of leadership. Leadership Effective leaders are rare. They are created through the trials and tribulations of managing or working with people in a variety of settings. Most good leaders have had their fair share of hard knocks that awakened them to the greater potential within their scope of influence. Effective leaders are excellent communicators, able to speak the many languages of the individuals within the groups they lead. Oftentimes the individual perspectives may appear different simply from the type of language they use. A good leader pays attention to the facts and then makes decisions based on objective analysis of those facts. Effective leaders naturally motive people from their actions, which include showing respect, listening, reflecting, and negotiating through conflict. Leaders encourage and empower people to achieve success rather than place blame. Leaders have solid vision and unshakeable persistence in achieving a goal. Their efforts are empowered by their ability to manage and organize both activities and time in their busy schedules.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  A good leader is courageous, able to make decisions without hesitation, and maintains integrity of word and deed. Dependability is also a key trait for a leader must always be there for their group. Sound judgment and sensibility are also features of a leader, with loyalty, enthusiasm, endurance, and initiative rounding out the ever expanding list. These characteristics manifest in a variety of presentations and situations, especially for project managers in process. Project Manager Effectiveness   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Project managers are leaders of small and large groups destined to complete a strategic project plan. Leadership characteristics described above can make or break a team. In all successful project fulfillments, it is the leadership of the project manager that determines the type of success for the project’s members. The most... ...e attitude of project management reflects this change. The qualities of leadership and project management demonstrate the symbiosis of creating results in life or in industry. There is little difference between the two in our evolving society. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It can be said that a good man is worth his weight in gold. This writer proposes that a true leader is priceless. Demonstrating the qualities of leadership not only wins friends and influences people; it sets the standard of behavior within an organization. The writer’s perspective of a true leader is one who leads people through using charisma, tact and skill, with concern for the rights and privileges of others, and cares for the positive impact on people and planet within the scope of their leadership and beyond. References Csikszentmihalyi, Mihaly (1990). Flow – The Psychology of Optimal Experience, New York, NY: Harper and Row Publishing. Gray, Clifford F.; Larson, Erik W., Project Management – The Managerial Process, Copyright  © 2001 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Tart, Dr. Charles (1986), Waking Up – Overcoming the Obstacles to Human Potential, Copyright  © 1986 by The Institute of Noetic Sciences

H.D.: The Fusion of Classicism and Modernity Essay -- Hilda Doolittle

H.D.: The Fusion of Classicism and Modernity With foundations rooted deeply in an appreciation for and understanding of classicism, H.D. fused ancient Grecian literature, thinking and mythology with modernistic feminism, bisexuality and psychoanalysis to establish for herself a prominent voice among her contemporaries. Born Hilda Doolittle in 1886 to Helen and Charles Doolittle, her education was fostered by the intellectual curiosity of her parents (an artist and an astronomer, respectively) and the proximity of The University of Pennsylvania. Closely associated with poet Ezra Pound, she spent much of her adult and professional life surrounded by literary contemporaries. Doolittle was a woman whose work was not limited to a single interest but instead expanded to envelop several of the most outstanding facets of modernism: the exploration of women within a literary movement, the exploration of homosexuality and the exploration of self through psychoanalysis. H.D.’s major contribution to modernism is most often recognized as her use of poetic imagery. After only two years at Bryn Mawr, H.D. moved to England, where much of her poetry was written. Pound, a close friend and twice-fiancà ©e not only facilitated her acceptance into the literary circles of expatriate American writers, but also her entrance into the literary world. Affixing the signature "H.D., Imagiste," Pound submitted H.D.’s early verses to Harriet Monroe’s Poetry Magazine, which were accepted and published (Scott). Her poetry remains at the forefront of the imagist branch of modernism, a division whose writers dedicate themselves to the direct treatment of the subject, the prohibition of any word that not essential to the presentati... ...://www.literaryhistory.com/20thC/HD.htm http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238 Works Cited â€Å"A Brief Biography Of H.D.† < http://www.imagists.org/hd/bio.html> Bryan, Marsha. â€Å"Modern American Poetry.† Doolittle, Hilda. Asphodel. Editor: Spoo, Robert. Durham; Duke University Press, 1992. pp. ix-xix. Doolittle, Hilda. Collected Poems 1912-1944: Martz, Louis L. New York; New Directions. Pp. 39, 118, 128, 281. â€Å"H.D. Poetry Exhibit† <http://www.poets.org/poets/poets.cfm?prmID=238> Levertov, Denise. †H.D.: An Appreciation† Modern Critical Views H.D.: Bloom, Harold. New York; Chelsea House Publishers. Scott, Bonnie Kime. â€Å"About H.D.’s Life and Career† Bryan, Marsha. â€Å"Modern American â€Å"Poetry.† <http://www.english.uiuc.edu/maps/poets/g_l/hd/life.htm>

Foster innovative behavior Essay

For a company to compete in today’s competitive business world is increasingly a function of how proficient they are at innovation. The goal of a company is to increase profitability, increase growth and innovation and introduce new values/norms/culture into the company. In order for a company to remain competitive, it must have maximum quality, minimum cost and maintain peak performance. The design of the organization is crucial to innovation. In ways a company structure links its personnel in various specialties, such as research and marketing, gages the speed a company can introduce new products into the market. In its reflection, you cannot overlook the fact that the company culture has an impact on the people to be innovative. Culture defined as entrepreneurial norms and values is mostly likely fostering innovation than a culture that embraces conservatism and/or bureaucracy. In my experience the creation of a structure that fosters innovative behavior, begins with top leadership equipped to provide vision, inspiration, and conviction to demonstrate integrity, provide meaning, develop objectives, generates trust, and communicates values. As a leader, you must do more than just hold the title; as a CEO, you must exercise leadership through setting the example for others to emulate. Leaders must also influence and motivate managers to incorporate vision, strategic planning, and elements of quality management into the full range of the organization’s activities. Leaders must be knowledgeable of the fact that creativity and innovation is the heart and soul of their organization. New ideas can lead to programs/products that are superior to those already in existence or planned in an organization. Toyota for example has lead the way by targeting the 20 – 30 something and has come with a new line of cars. Other car manufacture’s are lagging behind and are just now starting to target that consumer group. This translates into a new design, outfitting of the 3 models they have brought on the market. Toyota also brought Hybrid cars to the US. Other car manufacturers are catching on now. Leaders should be continuously searching for new ideas and programs that supersede what the organization is currently committed to and producing. Let’s dub it as progression. According to Jones  (2004) in his textbook † the most critical elements of managers responsibilities is to select the right structure. Thus, flatten the organizational structure hierarchy to accomplish the main objective which is to establish greater control and coordination†. The selection of an â€Å"organic culture coupled with a decentralized line of authority† promotes high input/innovation and output according to the author Jones (2004). But of no system is perfect, even with the best of intention. For example, the adaptation of of organic culture, in some situation may cause management to loose control of personnel supervision and work efficiency. Additionally, informal norms and values develop that emphasize personal competence, expertise, and the ability to act in innovative ways. Status is achieved by the ability to provide creative leadership, not by any formal position in the hierarchy. Most centralized authority systems do not allow you to exhibit your full potential; deviation from the standard due to control factors is being stifled. The detrimental factor of this system is that it is impossible to create team, creativity, positive norms, values, and beliefs. Because there is such a lack of interaction between us (employees) and them (authority figures),† us against them† thinking can begin to creep in; people become lethargic and creativity and motivation is stifled. According to Jones (2004): the advantage of a decentralization is that it promotes flexibility and responsiveness through delegating authority to the lowest possible level to assist managers to make decisive on the spot decision. Leaders remain accountable for such their action (good judgment is prudent in a manager decision), but this also give a manager the opportunity demonstrate their personal skills and competence and would be more motivated to perform well for the organization. Leaders must also be able to identify and integrate key issues affecting the company such as political, economics, social, technological, and administrative factors. The kiss of death for most organizations is remaining steadfast on previous accomplishments. Organizations must subscribe to a progressive stance, because technology and productivity decreases the distance between what is up to date now and obsolete tomorrow; outside the box thinkers are a vital part of an organization and they need  to have the ears of top managers; top managers also much be innovative thinkers, don’t rest on past accomplishments, and create programs, incentives, where out -of -the box thinking is rewarded. Suggestion boxes and rewards can serve as great incentives. This in turn will allow employees to tap into their creative side, may save dollars to the company, and increase worker’s satisfaction, for it increases a sense of vital contribution to an organization. Reference: Jones,Gareth , R. (2004). Organizational Theory, Design, and Change (4th ed). New Jersey

Hamlet vs Agamemnon Essay

In my opinion, Hamlet was more tragic a play than Agamemnon. As the audience, I felt more inclined to sympathize with Hamlet due to his many sad soliloquies and series of events leading to his downfalls. This is because there was far more to learn about the specific defeats of Hamlet, there were far more disturbance and unrest following the events after his father died, and I felt more pity for the main character in Hamlet as opposed to Agamemnon. The events surrounding Hamlet’s life are far more explored than those in Agamemnon. Though we learn that Agamemnon’s family members are traitors, Hamlet’s family members have sadder, more twisted intentions that we learn about in more detail. We don’t know that Agamemnon was a generally ‘good’ person because we do not delve into his personality the way we do with Hamlet. It is clear that Hamlet was indeed a ‘good’ person who had love for his father. The surrounding events where Claudius, his uncle, kills Hamlet’s father for power and his mother marries Claudius were alone enough to watch our protagonist’s quick and sudden downfall commence. As any ‘good’ person would, Hamlet’s responses to these events surrounding his life were painful, mad, and full of self-doubt. Hamlet, being the main character of this play, developed into a complex personality full of problems, insecurity, self-doubt and procrastination. All of these characteristics are problems that most of us deal with on a daily basis. His internal conflicts lead to him philosophizing about life, death, and even suicide. This was difficult to watch/read as it lead to wondering who deserves such bad things to happen to them? His negative thoughts evoked pity and fear in the audience, which is one of Aristotle’s main definitions of a tragedy. In addition, Agamemnon was not even the main character or protagonist of the play, whereas Hamlet was. The events surrounding Hamlet’s life after his father was killed started unfolding before the audience’s eyes. Once King Hamlet deceased, Marcellus says to Horatio, â€Å"Something is rotten in the state of Denmark.† (Act I, Scene IV). This line early on in the play is foreshadowing to the brutal state of unrest soon to surround Hamlet’s life, family, and state.

Interventions for Sexual Issues and Dysfunctions Essay

Interventions for Sexual Issues and Dysfunctions LaShawnda Ogle Walden University The Wilson’s are currently experiencing some sexual dysfunctions, a condition that can cause a lot of distress during intercourse (Hecker & Wetchler, 2010). In the case study Mrs. Wilson has been diagnosed with having Vaginismus. Vaginismus is known for causing some severe pain and as a result causes the female to avoid sexual activity (p. 377). It’s formally defined as the involuntary spastic contraction of the outer one-third of the vagina. There can be treatment techniques. The two sexual therapy interventions I would suggest for the Wilson’s are Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and a medically treated approach using a vaginal dilator. The one intervention method suggested for Mrs. Wilson would be that of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy. According to Hecker & Wetchler, (2010), women with vaginismus can show fear and have some anxiety with the thought of penetration. In order to help decrease those fears and anxieties CBT may help Mrs. Wilson’s sexual satisfaction increase as well as her over all well-being: addressing not only the physical pain or discomfort of sex but also the psychological aspects. For example: there are cognitive strategies such as: sexual exercises and relaxation techniques that can be applied with CBT in order to help relieve the pain associated with vaginismus (Hecker & Wetchler, 2010). CBT can also offer some coping skills along with restructuring a person’s way of thinking. Another intervention treatment method for sexual disorders such as that of Mrs. Wilson is more of a medically treated approach. Hecker & Wetchler, (2010) suggest a vaginal dilator as being a useful technique for modifying a conditioned response. Vaginal dilators are used to teach control of circumvaginal muscles (p. 377). In order to use these dilators they are generally supplied to people from a doctor’s office with or without the presence of the person’s partner. The private space offers the opportunity to help decrease the fear and anxiety with sex so that penetration can occur. The similarities of both CBT therapy and the medically treated approach using a vaginal dilator are that they both focus on calming the painful symptoms associated with sexual discourse in females. Another similarity with the two interventions is that they both offer suggestions in how to cope and deal with the shame and/or guilt associated with sexual dysfunctions. The only differences are the methods used to intervene. CBT focuses more on the cognition of dealing with negative thoughts that often occur with sexual disorders. The vaginal dilators focus on ways to relieve the stress without the conditioned fear response (p. 377). A challenge with using CBT therapy and vaginal dilators is that it encourages having both partners actively involved (Hecker & Wetchler, 2010). Sexual intercourse and dysfunctions can be a touchy subject that does not resolve itself without partner interaction, so getting both partners together could be somewhat of a challenge. In order to know whether or not a treatment intervention is working, both Mr. and Mrs. Wilson need to report the improvements in the symptoms of Mrs. Wilson. I would also like to know from both partners if increased enjoyment has occurred after treatment, in order to know whether or not my treatment interventions were working. Nonetheless, getting both partners together to discuss a sexual dysfunction is something I see as a challenge. References Hecker, L. , L. , & Wetchler, J. L. , eds. (2003). An Introduction to Marriage and Family Therapy (1st ed. ). Binghamton, NY: The Haworth Clinical Practice Press.

Critical Thinking: The Yellow Wallpaper Essay

I. Ask questions A. Is John her husband? 1. Is John really a physician? 2. Did John really faint? B. Is Jennie really John’s sister? C. Is Mary really a nanny? D. Does she really have a baby? F. Is mansion really â€Å"vacation† home? 1. Did her room really used to be a nursery? 2. Is she in an insane asylum? G. The wallpaper 1. Does the wallpaper really grow? 2. Is there really a â€Å"creeping† figure behind the pattern? H. Is she crazy? II. Define terms and concepts A. Phosphates – â€Å"A salt of phosphoric acid† The Marriam-Webster Dictionary B. Delirim Tremens – â€Å"Violent delirium with tremors† The Marriam-Webster Dictionary Tollie 2 C. Florid Arabesque 1. Florid – â€Å"Very flowery in style, tinged with red† The Merriam-Webster Dictionary. 2. Arabesque – â€Å"A complex and elaborate decorative design of intertwined lines suggesting flowers, foliage, animals, geometric patterns, ect., used in drawing, painting, low relief, metalwork, etc.† American English Dictionary. D. â€Å"Yellow smell† Charlotte Perkins Gillman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper 1. â€Å"It is not bad—at first, and very gentle, but quite the sublest, most enduring odor I ever met† Charlotte Perkins Gillman, â€Å"The Yellow Wallpaper. 2. â€Å"hanging over me† The Yellow Wallpaper. 3. â€Å"now I am used to it† The Yellow Wallpaper. III. Accept uncertainties A. Not knowing if what she say is real or not. B. Not knowing if the woman in the wall paper is her.

What are global imbalances Did they cause the 2008 crisis Essay

What are global imbalances Did they cause the 2008 crisis - Essay Example Some researchers note that the global imbalances did play a critical role in the 2008 crisis. On the other hand, other researchers note that the global imbalances had little to do with the 2008 crisis. In essence, the economic research paper seeks to demonstrate that global imbalances did not cause the 2008 crisis. It is noteworthy that there were global imbalances between the U.S economy (deficit nation or country) and the Southeast Asian and oil-exporting, as well as European nations (Superavit nations). In the course of understanding the connection between the global imbalances and the 2008 crisis, it is ideal to note the influence of the other economies on the economy of the U.S. In the first instance, it is critical to note that the current surpluses were available in the U.S. financial markets (Caballero et al., 2009). The outcome of the current surpluses was evident in the pushing down of the long-term interest rates, thus the potentiality and ability to promote, as well as engage a credit boom and the real estate bubble. Moreover, there was substantial or significant increase in the risks of the size of the economy involved in the global imbalances, as a sever correction could have had negative implications for the global economy. In the process of evaluating this relationship between global imbalances and the financial crisis, it is critical to assess the implications of two pre-crisis perspectives (Dooley, Folkerts†Landau, & Garber, 2009). First, it is ideal to concentrate on the assessment of the new paradigm. According to this perception, global imbalances provide a new type of global equilibrium which could undergo substantive maintenance over time without necessarily ending in crisis. One of the approaches towards maintenance of the global equilibrium was saving glut rather than the implementation of any policy intervention (Nier

Effective Leadership Practices Project Research Paper

Effective Leadership Practices Project - Research Paper Example Martin Luther King Jr. remained much focused upon maintaining equality in the society or any business or operational environment. As per the viewpoint of the leaders, every individual need to be persistent towards accomplishing its predetermined goals and has to work under any circumstance. It has been apparently observed that every follower of Martin Luther King Jr. used to trust him for his immense concentration about the aforesaid important aspects. The followers knew that their leader will be succeeding to stop the significant concern of segregation and discrimination by a considerable level. Thus, it can be stated because of his trustworthy and other qualities, the leader became quite successful to win the hearts of many followers (Carson, 1987). Provide a Background, Including the Context of the Leader's Environment and the Culture of the Organization and Society In the context of leader’s environment and the culture of the organization and the society, Martin Luther Kin g Jr. created a history by making deliberate efforts towards abolishing the significant concern of racial segregation along with racial discrimination. Major intellectual, political, cultural and developments of the 20th century was greatly influenced and reflected by the leadership qualities which possessed by Martin Luther King Jr. ... Research and Education Institute, n.d.). What Is Your Chosen Leader's Definition Of Leadership? As per the definition of leadership which stated by the Martin Luther King Jr., it can be revealed that through the conduct of appropriate leadership qualities, a leader can influence its followers at large. According to the chosen leader i.e. Martin Luther King Jr., leadership was defined as the practice of developing as well as preserving the capacity of the procedures influencing the society (Carson, 1987). How Does Your Chosen Leader Demonstrate The Five Practices Of Exemplary Leadership? The famous speech of Martin Luther King Jr. i.e. â€Å"I have a dream† genuinely touches the hearts of millions of its followers. The leader revealed that any goal can be achieved by performing hard work, persistence, bravery and trustworthiness (Carson, 1987). In this way, the leader demonstrated the five practices of exemplary leadership. How Does Your Chosen Leader Model The Way? In the peri od of mid 1990, Martin Luther King Jr. was one of the strongest leaders of America who used to follow top down and compassionate leadership style that helped him to change the civil rights of the nation at large. In this similar concern, the leader modeled the way by instigating a shared visualization, encouraging individuals, challenging an operational process and facilitating other persons to work (Martin Luther King Jr. Research and Education Institute, n.d.). How Does Your Chosen Leader Inspire A Shared Vision? Enabling a share vision actually denotes that an individual envisions future by imagining, determining existing possibilities and enabling others to achieve a common objective. In this regard, the leader followed the non violent strategy